Along with nonmetals and nonmetals, metal forming tools are also distinguished by their degree of ionization. In the periodic table of chemical elements, metals make up about 80% and nonmetals and nonmetals make up about 20%.

• Classify
• Physical and chemical properties of metals
• Physical properties
• Chemical properties
• Applications of metals in today's life

What is metal? Metal properties and structure

Specifically, metals are chemical elements that generate positive ions and have metallic bonds.

In nature, non-metals are more abundant, although on the periodic table, the positions of metals are the majority. The most common metals is easy to mention as iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) ...

Classification of the Metal forming tools

Metals have 4 types, each with different structures and applications, serving different production purposes.

Basic Metal forming tools

These are metals that easily react with the external environment, causing corrosion and oxidation. In addition, they have a chemical reaction with HCl (dilute hydrochloric acid). Some typical base metals are iron, lead, zinc... Particularly, copper, although it does not react chemically with hydrochloric acid, is easily oxidized, so it is also classified as basic metals.

Black Metal forming tools

These are metals that contain iron (Fe) and are magnetic. For example, cast iron, steel and other iron-based alloys, are made up of two main elements, iron and carbon. Ferrous metal is very common and one of the metals that gets recycled over and over again.

High quality stainless steel twigs produced by Dai Duong Factory

Despite metal forming tools strength and flexibility in forming, this is a metal that is susceptible to rust, because it is composed of iron. To eliminate this defect, metallurgists will add some chemical elements such as chromium, nickel... to increase corrosion resistance. The typical material for this alloy is stainless steel, also known as stainless steel.

Non-ferrous forming tools

Nonferrous metal forming tools are the remaining metals that are not ferrous. They are not black, neither iron nor ferroalloy. They have their own distinctive color and are produced from primary or secondary color ores. Non-ferrous metals resist corrosion better than ferrous metals, and conduct heat and electricity quite well. The lower melting point makes casting easier than ferrous metals.

Physical and chemical properties of metals

Like other materials, metals also have specific mechanical, physical and chemical properties.

Physical properties of Metal forming tools

Metal is hard, metallic color, easy to laminate and machined into a variety of shapes. Thanks to the ions, they conduct electricity well. In addition, the metal is also magnetic and conducts heat well, has a high melting point.

Thermal expansion is also characteristic of metals, when visible to hot temperatures they tend to expand, conversely, when visible to low (cold) temperatures, they will contract. Or Most, at ambient temperature, metals are solid, except mercury and copernicus (which are liquid).

Terms of mechanical properties of Metal tools

In terms of mechanical properties, metal forming tools and its alloys are malleable, elastic, and have a certain tensile and compressive strength. Depending on the structure, each metal has a higher or lower degree of mechanical and physical properties.

In addition, metal is the material that has the most advantages in processing such as casting, forging, cutting, punching, stamping, bending, welding... Especially, with heat treatment technology, the hardness of metals and alloys easy to change, to create many different types of materials.

Chemical properties of Metal forming tools

Metals can react with nonmetals, acids, water, and salts to form compounds. The chemical reaction of metals with these substances may or may not be accompanied by a catalyst.

React with acids

When metal reacts with acid, it produces salt and hydrogen gas. In case the reactant is a hot, intense acid, the reaction produces nitrate salts and gases (such as N ₂, NO ₂, NO ...) or sulfate salts and gases (SO ₂, H ₂ S).

Effects on nonmetals

metal forming tools are elements on the right side of the periodic table, which are non-conductive (except for Carbon, graphite), and readily accept electrons (except for Hydrogen). Some nonmetals: oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen...

When metals react with non-metals, they will produce oxides (when reacting with O ₂ ) or create salts when reacting with other non-metals such as Cl, S

Effect with water on Metal

At normal and high temperatures, when metals react with water, they can give out bases, alkali metals or oxides and hydrogen.

Effect with salt

When a metal is combining with a salt of a weaker metal, the reaction produces a new salt and metal.

Applications of metals in today's life

Metal appears a lot in life, applies extremely diversely in many fields from industry to civil.

Some common applications of metals mention below

• In production:metal is widely common in metallurgy and manufacturing, mechanical processing, machinery and equipment manufacturing. Iron, steel (and their alloys such as stainless steel) or aluminum, zinc ... are mostly common to create many details, accessories, fabrication of billets, casting molds...
• In construction:ferrous metals, base metals are often common to serve construction works such as houses, buildings, bridges and roads, different large and small architectures...
• In transportation:application in making vehicle shells, machine parts, equipment and accessories, joints in most vehicles from bicycles, motorbikes, cars, trucks, airplanes or bicycles. ship.

Metal forming tools in household

• metal is common to create products for life such as tables and chairs, kitchen utensils, stairs, doors, gates...
• Decoration – design:In addition, non-ferrous metals are also common a lot in interior decoration. Thanks to the shape and ease of processing, metal bends and cut according to many unique textures and patterns, making the product both practical and beautify the space.
• In chemistry:Metal forming tools are common to study and analyze chemical reactions, from which scientists develop many other useful materials based on metallic elements to serve modern life. Grand.

Conclusion

In metal forming processes, friction between the workpiece and the tools has both negative and positive effects. In the cases where friction opposes the flow of the workpiece material during forming, it may cause defects in the formed parts.